Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 夕

Modern (Beijing) reading: xì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhiak

Classic Old Chinese: lhiak

Western Han Chinese: lhiak

Eastern Han Chinese: zhiak

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhjek

Middle Chinese: zjek

English meaning : evening

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вечер; вечером; ночью; 2) накануне; канун

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 4149

Karlgren code: 0796 a-d

Character: 大

Modern (Beijing) reading: dà [dài] [tài]

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhāts [thāts]

Classic Old Chinese: dhāć

Western Han Chinese: dhāś

Eastern Han Chinese: dhāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhā̀j

Middle Chinese: dầj [thầj]

Fanqie: 鐸艾 ~ 鐸俄 [a] 託艾 [b]

Rhyme class: 泰

English meaning : be great, big

Russian meaning[s]: 1) большой; великий; высокий (ростом); крупный, огромный; 2) старший (по возрасту, положению); уважаемый, Ваш; быть старше; 3) сильно, очень, весьма; громко; особенно; преувеличенно; 4) увеличивать, расширять; преувеличивать; напускать на себя важность; 5) сокр. высшее учебное заведение, университет; 6) сокр. съезд; пленум; [dài] великий (в титуле государств); [tài] великий; слишком, вм. 太

Shuowen gloss: 天大. 地大. 人亦大. 古大象人形. 古文大也. 凡大之屬皆從大.

Comments: Also read *thāt-s, MC thầj, Pek. tài id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 4885

Karlgren code: 0317 a

Vietnamese reading: d_ại

Jianchuan Bai: to2

Dali Bai: to3

Bijiang Bai: do2

Shijing occurrences: 51.3, 54.1, 54.4, 57.3

Character: 女

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǚ

Preclassic Old Chinese: nraʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nrá

Western Han Chinese: ṇá

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇó

Middle Chinese: ṇö́

English meaning : woman, wife, girl, daughter; female (of persons)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) женщина; женский, дамский; ставится впереди имен существительных, обозначающих женщин-специалистов и др.; 2) дочь; 3) девушка, девица, барышня; 4) яп. маленький, слабый; 5) Дева (созвездие); [nǜ] женить (кого-л.) на своей дочери; выдать дочь за...; [rǔ] древн. ты, вм. 汝

Shuowen gloss: 婦人也.象形.王育說.凡女之屬皆從女.

Comments: Also read *nraʔ-s, MC ṇö̀, Mand. nǜ 'to give someone a wife'. Used also within the compound 女蘿 *nraʔ-rāj 'dodder (Cuscuta)'. The same root is obviously present in 娘 OC *nraŋ, MC ṇaŋ, Mand. niáng 'young lady, woman'. Unaspirated *n- is suggested by Min forms: for 女 cf. Xiamen lu³, Chaozhou nɨ³, Fuzhou nü³; for 娘 cf. Xia. niũ², Chaozhou nĩẽ², Fuzhou nioŋ², Jianou niɔŋ², niɔŋ⁹.

The character is rather frequently used to denote the second person pronoun *nhaʔ (instead of 汝 q.v.) - thus, e.g., in 17.2, 17.3, 27.3.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 8786

Karlgren code: 0094 a-e

Vietnamese reading: nũ'

Jianchuan Bai: jü̃1

Dali Bai: ńü1

Bijiang Bai: ńü1

Shijing occurrences: 1.1, 9.1, 15.3_, 17.2, 17.3, 23.1, 23.2, 27.3, 39.2, 42.1, 42.2, 42.3, 51.1, 51.2, 54.3, 58.3, 58.4

Character: 子

Modern (Beijing) reading: zǐ zi̊ jì cī

Preclassic Old Chinese: cǝʔ cǝʔs

Classic Old Chinese: cǝ́

Western Han Chinese: cǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: cjǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjɨ́

Middle Chinese: cjɨ́ cjɨ̀

Fanqie: 咨此 [a]

Rhyme class: 紙 [a] 寘 [b] 支 [c]

English meaning : child, son, daughter, young person; prince; a polite substitute for 'you'

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сын; дитя; дети; 2) господин; учитель; философ; перен. Конфуций; 3) философские трактаты (как раздел литературы); 4) лицо определенного рода занятий; 5) интеллигентный (образованный) человек; 6) Вы; ты; 7) икра; яйца (насекомых); семена; плод; 8) 1-ый из циклических знаков двенадцатиричного цикла; время с 11 до 1 часа ночи; первый; январь; 9) цзы (4-й титул знати при маньчжурах); барон; 10) производное; процент; доход; числитель (дроби); 11) Цзы (фамилия); [-zi] 1) суффикс имен существительных, обозначающих предметы, лица, профессии; 2) суффикс некоторых наречий, образованных от существительных

Shuowen gloss: 十一月陽氣動. 萬物滋. 人以為偁. 象形. 凡子之屬皆從子. 古文子從巛. 象髮也. 籀文子囪有髮臂脛. 在几上也.

Comments: Also read *cǝʔ-s, MC cjɨ̀, Mand. zì 'to treat as a son'. Related is 字 *ʒǝʔ-s 'to breed' q. v. The character is also used for an homonymous word *cǝʔ 'the first of the Earthly Branches' (in Sino-Viet.: tý).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 39

Four-angle index: 3038

Karlgren code: 0964 a-j

Vietnamese reading: tu`'

Jianchuan Bai: ci1

Dali Bai: ci1

Bijiang Bai: ci1

Shijing occurrences: 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1_, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 24.2_, 24.3, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 31.2, 31.4, 32.3, 32.4, 33.2, 33.4, 34.4_, 37.4_, 39.2, 44.1, 44.2, 47.1, 47.3, 51.1, 51.2, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 54.3, 54.4, 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, 57.1, 58.1

Character: 孑

Modern (Beijing) reading: jié

Preclassic Old Chinese: krat (~ -e-)

Classic Old Chinese: krat

Western Han Chinese: krat

Eastern Han Chinese: krat

Early Postclassic Chinese: ket

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ket

Late Postclassic Chinese: ket

Middle Chinese: ket

English meaning : rising straight and slender, as a lance; entire, undamaged

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сирота; одинокий; 2) остаток; 3) род алебарды

Comments: The original meaning is 'a k. of lance', attested during LZ.

Radical: 39

Four-angle index: 3090

Karlgren code: 0283 a

Shijing occurrences: 53.1, 53.2, 53.3

Character: 孓

Modern (Beijing) reading: jue

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷat

Classic Old Chinese: kwat

Western Han Chinese: kwat

Eastern Han Chinese: kwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwǝt

Middle Chinese: kwǝt

English meaning : short [Tang]

Comments: A late character; also read MC küt id.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 寸

Modern (Beijing) reading: cùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: shūns

Classic Old Chinese: shwǝ̄nh

Western Han Chinese: shwǝ̄nh

Eastern Han Chinese: shwǝ̄nh

Early Postclassic Chinese: shwǝ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shwǝ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: shwǝ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: chòn

English meaning : inch, measure of length [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) цунь (китайский дюйм, равный 3,2 см); 2) маленький, крошечный; короткий; 3) во время...

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 41

Four-angle index: 3091

Karlgren code: 0431 a-b

Jianchuan Bai: ćhuĩ3

Dali Bai: ćhui3

Bijiang Bai: chuĩ4

Character: 小

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: sewʔ

Classic Old Chinese: séw

Western Han Chinese: sjáw

Eastern Han Chinese: sjáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjéw

Middle Chinese: sjéw

English meaning : be small, little; young

Russian meaning[s]: 1) маленький, мелкий; немного, слегка; вчерне; уменьшать(ся); 2) второстепенный, незначительный; узкий; 3) молодой; малый; дети; 4) низкий, подлый; 5) вежл. я, мой; 6) префикс имен существительных с уменьшительным, уничижительным, иногда ласкательным значением (часто с 兒 на конце); 7) древн. наложница

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 42

Four-angle index: 8163

Karlgren code: 1149 a-d

Vietnamese reading: tiê`u

Jianchuan Bai: śao3-, se3

Dali Bai: se3

Bijiang Bai: sẽ2

Shijing occurrences: 21.1, 21.2, 26.4_

Character: 尢

Modern (Beijing) reading: wang

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwāŋ

Middle Chinese: ʔwâŋ

English meaning : curved [Han]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 尸

Modern (Beijing) reading: shī

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛij

Classic Old Chinese: ƛij

Western Han Chinese: l̥jǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: śǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: śij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śij

Late Postclassic Chinese: śi

Middle Chinese: śi

English meaning : corpse, representative of the dead

Russian meaning[s]: 1) фигура человека в сидячей позе; идол, образ; 2) мертвое тело, труп; 3) пустое место; синекура; 4) уст. распорядитель; 5) Ши (фамилия)

Comments: Also means 'to set forth (sacrificial dishes)' (Sch.: perhaps s.w. as above).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 44

Four-angle index: 4142

Karlgren code: 0561 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 15.3

Character: 山

Modern (Beijing) reading: shān

Preclassic Old Chinese: srān

Classic Old Chinese: srān

Western Han Chinese: ṣān

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣān

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄n

Middle Chinese: ṣạ̈n

English meaning : mountain

Russian meaning[s]: 1) гора; горный; уединенный; 2) горные угодья; продукты горной местности (масличные растения; дрова); 3) рама для выкормки шелковичных червей; 4) могила; 5) боковые стены дома; 6) обр. множество; громадный; 7) Шань (фамилия)

Comments: The MC reading is irregular (*ṣạn would be expected).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 46

Four-angle index: 975

Karlgren code: 0193 a-c

Vietnamese reading: so'n

Jianchuan Bai: sü2

Dali Bai: sü3

Bijiang Bai: šẽr4

Shijing occurrences: 14.2, 14.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 38.4, 47.1, 50.2

Character: 川

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuān

Preclassic Old Chinese: slun

Classic Old Chinese: l̥wǝn

Western Han Chinese: l̥wǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: śwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: śwɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śwɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: śwɨn

Middle Chinese: ćhwen

English meaning : river, river valley, stream

Russian meaning[s]: 1) река; поток; 2) течение; непрерывный, вечный; 3) сокр. провинция Сычуань; 4) путевой, дорожный (о расходах)

Comments: The MC form is irregular, both in initial and final (*świn would be normally expected); xiesheng and rhymes, however, are rather in favour of reconstructing *slun.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 47

Four-angle index: 2778

Karlgren code: 0462 a

Character: 工

Modern (Beijing) reading: gōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kōŋ

Western Han Chinese: kōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwōŋ

Middle Chinese: kuŋ

English meaning : work; merit; artisan

Russian meaning[s]: 1) труд, работа; 2) ремесленник; рабочий; 3) ремесло; промышленность; 4) искусный; тщательный; быть искусным (в чем-л.); мастерство; 5) трудодень; 6) сокр. профсоюз

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 48

Four-angle index: 81

Karlgren code: 1172 a-c

Vietnamese reading: công

Character: 己

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǐ [qǐ]

Preclassic Old Chinese: klǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kǝ́

Western Han Chinese: kǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Middle Chinese: kɨ́

Fanqie: 基矣

Rhyme class: 紙

English meaning : the 6th of the Heavenly Stems; self

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сам, лично; собственный; себе, себя; 2) 6-й знак десятиричного цикла

Shuowen gloss: 中宮也. 象萬物辟藏詘形也. 己承戊. 象人腹. 凡己之屬皆從己.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 49

Four-angle index: 7082

Karlgren code: 0953 a-e

Character: 已

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lǝ́

Western Han Chinese: lǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ́

Middle Chinese: jɨ́

English meaning : to cease, end, finish, complete

Russian meaning[s]: 1) остановить, прекратить; прекратиться, кончить; 2) уйти с поста, уйти (уволить) в отставку; дать отставку; 3) прошедший, прошлый; уже; 4) и то уже; уже чересчур; указывает на законченный характер следующего действия или состояния; 5) древн. на конце предложений указывает законченность действия или становление, см. 矣; 6) древн. восклицание о!, увы!; 7) древн. в обстоятельствах времени, места вм. 以

Comments: Used also for a homonymous interjection *lǝʔ 'oh'; sometimes used as a loan for 以 *lǝʔ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 49

Four-angle index: 7080

Shijing occurrences: 27.1_, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3

Character: 巳

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhǝ́

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: zhjǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhjɨ́

Middle Chinese: zjɨ́

Fanqie: 習齒

Rhyme class: 紙

English meaning : the 6th of the Earthly Branches

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 6-ой знак двенадцатеричного цикла; шестой; июнь (перед датой); 2) время с 9 до 11 часов утра; 3) Сы (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 巳也. 四月陽气巳出. 陰气巳藏. 萬物見成文章. 故巳為蛇象形. 凡巳之屬皆從巳.

Radical: 49

Four-angle index: 7089

Karlgren code: 0967 a-c

Vietnamese reading: tỵ

Character: 巾

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: krǝn

Classic Old Chinese: krǝn

Western Han Chinese: krǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: krǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: kin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kin

Late Postclassic Chinese: kin

Middle Chinese: kin

English meaning : scarf, towel

Russian meaning[s]: 1) полотенце; платок; скатерть; 2) чалма; полотнище

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is cân.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 50

Four-angle index: 3858

Karlgren code: 0482 a-c

Vietnamese reading: khăn

Jianchuan Bai: -ći4

Dali Bai: -ći5

Bijiang Bai: -ćĩ4

Character: 干

Modern (Beijing) reading: gān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kān

Classic Old Chinese: kān

Western Han Chinese: kān

Eastern Han Chinese: kān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kān

Late Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Chinese: kân

English meaning : shield; to protect; place name

Shuowen gloss: 犯也.從一.從犯入.凡干之屬皆從干. [87]

Comments: The graph is also used for the homonymous *kān 'to strive for, seek', *kān 'bank (of a river)' and *kān 'flag pole' ( = 竿 q.v.). Schüssler (186) considers the latter word to be etymologically identical with 'shield' (as "a pole to which something can be attached") - but this is dubious, both for semantic (a shield is not a pole) and etymologic reasons.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0139 a-b

Vietnamese reading: can

Jianchuan Bai: kã4

Dali Bai: ka5

Bijiang Bai: qõ4

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 39.3_, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3

Character: 廾

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: koŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kóŋ

Western Han Chinese: kóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Middle Chinese: kö́uŋ

English meaning : join the hands, present with both hands [Yin]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1182 a-b

Character: 弋

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łǝk

Classic Old Chinese: Łǝk

Western Han Chinese: lǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨk

Middle Chinese: jik

English meaning : to shoot with stringed arrow; clan name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стрелять привязной стрелой; 2) добыть, захватить; 3) черный; 4) И (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 56

Four-angle index: 6716

Karlgren code: 0918 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 48.2_